上海市0～14岁儿童伤害特征和危险因素分析

The Injury Pattern in Children Aged 0-14 Years in Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市儿童非致死性伤害的流行状况和相关危险因素。[方法]采用分层抽样方法,对上海市两个区(分别代表城区和郊区)的2695名0～14岁的儿童进行伤害问卷调查,分析伤害发生特征和相关危险因素。[结果]上海市0～14岁儿童的伤害发生率为10.6%,未见性别差异。年龄越小,伤害发生率越高。发生率居前5位的伤害是跌倒/坠落(占全部伤害的31.7%)、碰撞/挤压伤(26.2%)、割伤/刺伤(9.6%)、交通事故(8.4%)、烧/烫伤(8.4%)。面部和手指/脚趾是最常见的损伤部位。8、9、10月份是伤害发生的高峰期,50.6%的伤害发生在家里/宿舍和47.1%发生在进行娱乐活动时。父母分居、母亲文化程度高中以上、性格外向的儿童更易发生伤害。[结论]为了有效预防儿童伤害的发生,需要为儿童营造一个安全的家居环境,对孩子的各类活动(尤其是在参加娱乐活动时)要加强安全教育和干预。

[ Objective ] To identify the overall pattern of morbidity and risk factors in unintentional childhood injuries in Shanghai. [ Methods ] A survey study of caretakers of 2695 children aged 14 years old and under from two different districts （ representing the urban and suburban areas respectively ） was carried out. Data were collected through the questionnaires about the children unintentional injury during the defined period. [ Results ] During the study period, a total of 287（ 10.6% ） children were suffering from injuries, and there was no significant relationship （ P = 0.684 ） between morbidity and sex. With the increase of age, the morbidity rate fell down from 14.6% （ 0-3 years ） to 8.8% （ 12-14 years ）. Falls （ 31.7% of all injuries ）, collision/ extrusion（ 26.2% ）, cutting/piercing（ 9.6% ）, traffic accident（ 8.4% ）, fire/burning（ 8.4% ）were the most common external causes of children unintentional injury observed. Face and fingers/toes were the most susceptible body site. The injuries were happened mainly in August, September and October, and mostly at home/dorm（ 50.6% ）and subsequentlyin the recreation activities（ 47.1% ）. Parental separation in marriage, maternal education level （ above senior high school ） and children personality characteristic of extroversion were the risk Factors to the injuries. [ Conclusion ] To prevent the children unintentional injury effectively, we should pay more attention to the domestic safety, such as improving the environment of home. An active prevention effort such as behavioral intervention and education for parents may be necessary, especially to the recreation activities.