我国西北地区牧草种子生产现状及存在问题浅析

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PRODUCTION ABOUT HERBAGE SEEDS AND EXISTENT PROBLEMS IN NORTHWESTERN CHINA

调查了牧草种子生产现状及存在问题。结果表明：我国西北地区的栽培牧草包括豆科、禾本科、藜科、菊科、苋科、紫草科、十字花科、鸢尾科等９科３６属５３种。其中：豆科牧草１３属２１种；禾本科牧草１６属２５种；其它科牧草７属７种。该区栽培牧草总面积约为１５０万ｈｍ２，其中主要豆科牧草占７１％，主要禾本科牧草占１０．５％。主要豆科牧草为紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、草木樨、箭舌豌豆、红豆草、柠条和小冠花。主要禾本科牧草为燕麦、老芒麦、苏丹草、披碱草和湖南稷子。该区牧草种子生产潜力很大，但问题也较多，主要表现在生产管理粗放，多为大田留种，人工收获清选，种子贮藏条件简陋。使得种子品质混杂、净度低、杂草含量高、种子饱满程度不均、收获后种子质量下降迅速等。因此，牧草种子质量管理工作亟待加强。

The current situation of production and existent problems about herbage seeds were investigated. The result showed that there are 53 species, 36 genera and 9 families which belonged to Gramineae, Leguminosae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranfaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Iridaceae in cultivated herbage grasses of Northwestern China. Among them, there are 21 species, 13 genera in Leguminosae grasses and 25 species, 16 genera in Gramineae, 7 species, 7 genera in others. The total area of cultivated herbage grasses was about 15×10 5 hm 2,which the Leguminosae grasses account for 71%, and Gramineae account for 10.5%. The main herbages include Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Melilotus atticinalis (albus), Vicia sativa, Onobrychis sativa, Caragana korshinskii and Coranilla varia in Leguminosae, and Aneva sativa, Elymus sibiricus, Sorghum sudanense, Elymus dahuricus and Echinochloa trumentacea in Gramineae. The herbage seed production potentiality is large in that area, but still exist many problems, i.e. production and management extensive, seeds producted mainly in open field, mannual harvest and cleaning storage simple and crude. It makes the quality and purity of seeds low, other seeds more, plumpness uneven, rapid descent in quality after harvest. Therefore, the quality of herbage seeds need to be improved urgently.