煤炭开采对山西森林生态系统的影响

Influence of coal exploitation on forest ecosystem in Shanxi

为揭示煤炭开采对山西森林生态系统的影响,为矿区植被恢复提供基础资料,以山西省大规模煤炭开采区、采空区和受煤炭开采影响表征比较明显的区域为调查范围,地带性的油松次生林为主要调查林分,结合以往的调查统计数据和遥感资料,与非开采区特征相近的森林生态系统对比分析。结果表明:全省因煤矿开采破坏林地133.68 km2;采煤区林地土壤的Hg、Cd含量是山西土壤平均含量的3.26倍和2.73倍;采煤区林地阴、阳坡土壤含水量比非采煤区分别降低18.0%和23.4%;采煤区油松的生物量和生产力比非采煤区平均下降15.08%和15.30%;采煤区油松群落的物种丰富度、多样性、水土保持和水源涵养功均呈下降态势。

In order to open out the influence of coal exploitation on forest ecosystem in Shanxi, and provide basic datum for vegetation restoration in mineral area, the cosmically coal exploitation area, exploitation empty area and area impacted by coal exploitation obviously were selected as investigating region, and regional P/nus tablaeformis forest was researched as main stand. Combining with existing investigation datum and remote sensing information, contrast of forest ecosystem between those area and area approximating with non-exploitation area was analyzed. The results indicated that the forest damaged by coal exploitation was 133.68 km^2. The Hg and Cd content of soil in coal exploitation area were 3.26 and 2.73 times respectively as much as those of soil mean content in Shanxi. The soil water content of ubac and adret in coal exploitation area declined 18.0% and 23.4% respectively as much as those in non-exploitation area. Contrast with non-exploitation area, the biomass and productivity of Pinus tab/aeformis forest in coal exploitation decreases 15.78% and 15.30% respectively. The trend of species abundance, diversity and function of soil and water conservation of pinus tablaeformis forest in coal exploitation were all descendent.