试论青藏高原隆升对中国沙漠形成演化的影响

The Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau and Its Effect on the Formation and Evolution of China Desert

第四纪期间中国北方风沙地貌发育的基本条件如风力、风向、沙源、地形等随青藏高原的逐步隆升均发生相应变化。从探讨青藏高原隆升与中国沙漠形成演化出发，本文指出高原阶段性隆升与中国北方沙漠演化阶段上的因果关系。受高原隆升的地质、气候等综合效应影响，中国沙漠于第四纪初先在贺兰山以东、长城以北地区形成；１．６ＭａＢＰ以后高原北侧出现有利于风沙活动的干旱多风环境，沙漠扩展至西北地区；１．１ＭａＢＰ以后高原隆升对周围环境的影响基本定型，在日趋干旱的背景上，这期间中国北方沙漠演化主要受东亚季风盛衰和地形因素的控制。

uring the Quaternary the basic condition of the aeolian landform such as wind force,wind direction,sand sources and landscape in the northern China had changed simultaneously with the uplifting pluse of Qing-Zang plateau.Attention has been drawn to the relations between the plateau uplift and China desert evolution,some important links of them have been pointed out in the paper.Connected with the environmental effects of the episodic uplift of the plateau,the evolution of China desert in the Quaternary,corre spondingly,can be divided into three main stages.1.In the early of the Quaternary China desert initinally formed to the east of Helan Mt.and the north of Great Wall.2.Then the desert in the northwest of China formed after1.6MaBP.3.Since 1.1MaBPthe hight of the plateau has uplifted beyond the environmental critical point of the plateau effect on,the influence of the plateau uplifting on the surrounding environment has become stable,the climate in the northern China has developed toward more arid,the evolution of China desert in this stage has not been mainly controlled by the plateau uplifting but by the East Asian monsoon variations and the plateau existence.