盲肠和阑尾的解剖学观测及其临床意义

The Anatomical Observation and Measure of the Cecum with the Appendix and its Clinical Significance.

目的为解剖学和阑尾炎的诊断积累新资料。方法解剖70具福尔马林固定的成年国人尸体腹、盆腔(男63,女7);观察盲肠和阑尾的位置、类型和根部的体表投影;测量盲肠和阑尾的长度,阑尾起始部的直径。结果盲肠长度39.7±1.51 mm,下端位于髂前上棘平面者占24.29%,高于此平面(40.0±2.37 mm)者占57.14%,低于此平面(20.7±0.63 mm)者占17.14%。阑尾直径为6.3±0.17 mm,长度57.2±1.86 mm;盆位占42.86%,盲肠后位21.43%,回肠后位17.14%,盲肠下位15.71%,回肠前位1.43%,小骨盆内位1.43%。盲肠、阑尾位于肝右叶下方占1.43%。阑尾根部恰好在麦氏点(McBurney’s point)者仅21.43%。结论所观测的资料对急腹症的诊断有重要意义。阑尾根部恰好位于McBurney’s点,肝下高位盲肠阑尾和盆腔内盲肠阑尾的出现率极低。

Objective To provide anatomical new data for anatomy and diagnosis of the appendicitis. Method The abdominal and the pelvic cavity in which had been processed by formalin were dissected and observed on 70 adults Chinese cadaver specimen. The positions and the anatomic types of the cecum and the appendix were observed, and the lengths, the diameter and the projection were measured. Result The lengths of the cecum is 39. 7±1.51mmm. Its blind end locate at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine in 24. 29% ;it is higher than（40.0±2.37 mm） the anterior superior iliac spine in 57.14% and lower （20.7±0. 63 mm）in 17.14%. The diameter and the lengths of the appendix is 6.3±0. 17mm and 57. 2±1.86 mm, respectively. The apex of the appendix locating in the lesser pelvis is 42.86% and lie in upward behind cecum in 21.43%, in left behind ileum in 17. 14 %,in left front of ileum in 1.43 %, in inferior to cecum 15. 71%. The cecum and the appendix pass in downward into the lesser pelvis 1.43 %. The cecum and the appendix locate in the right hepatic lob inferiorly in 1.43%. The basis of the appendix locate at just the McBurney＇s point occupies only in 21.43%. Conclusion These measured and observed materials is very important in diagnosis of active abdominal pain. The incidence of the basis of the appendix locating in just the McBurney＇s point and the caecum with the appendix locating in the lesser pelvis and infra hepatic is the very lower.