烟草花药培养中活性碳与大量元素的互作效应

Interreaction between Activated Charcoal and Macronutrient in Anther Culture of Tobacco

研究表明，活性碳对烟草花药培养效果的促进作用与大量元素的浓度有关。在微量元素和其它成分处于不变的一般用量水平下，活性碳只对含有高浓度大量元素的培养基的出苗起促进作用，对低浓度的不起作用。在微量元素含量一定的情况下，大量元素的提高可能会抑制外植体对微量元素的吸收，从而降低出苗率。活性碳的主要作用可能是活性碳中的杂质增加了花培出苗所需的微量元素，从而使具高浓度大量元素的培养基恢复了营养平衡，出苗率提高。增加的微量元素起主要作用的是铁，也可能包括锌等其它元素。研究还表明，在有足够铁存在的情况下，比较高的大量元素浓度和马铃薯汁有利于出苗，不同的大量元素比例也有一定影响。

Enhancement of plantlet formation in anther culture by activated charcoal was generally explained by its adsorption of some unknown inhibitory substances in the media.The results of this experiment showed that the enhancement was related to macro-nutrient concentrations. At a constant concentration of micronutrient, enhancement occured only at higher levels of macro-nutrient concentrations, which could not be explained by the adsorption hypothesis. Based on an analysis of the results of this experiment and others, a new more reasonable explanation was put forth. Balance of macronutrient with micronutrient especially iron was essential to plantlet formation. Increase in concentration of macronutrient would make micronutrient a limiting factor, which resulted in decrease in induction efficiency. It was the impurities in activated charcoal, which added the micronutrient in need, that promoted culture efficiency. Iron was the top of the added micronutrient elements. It was also suggested that when micronutrient was sufficient, higher concentration in macronutrient might be more favorable to plantlet formation. The ideas above means possible development of a new more effective medium balanced in nutrients and optimized in concentration,which could avoid the adverse effects caused by activated charcoal.