“趣”说——古代文艺理论范畴研究之一

The Talking about the “Interest” ——One of Category Researches on Ancient Literary Theory

“趣”是一个非常重要的美学概念,它在中国古代艺术理论中运用十分普遍,包含着中国古代独特的美学精神和文化观念。“趣”作为一个美学概念最早出现于六朝书画理论中,作为文学美学的概念成立于南宋严羽《沧浪诗话》,大行于明清时期的文学理论话语里。它有两种意义:一是指艺术家的审美旨趣,二是指艺术作品的某种特殊的审美趣味,两者关系密切;作为文学作品中的趣基本含义有三:艺术作品具有言外之意、富有意味,审美意象的鲜活生动性,审美意象的独特奇异性。趣从内容上可分为事趣、情趣和理趣三种类型,从形式上可分为巧趣和天趣两种类型。

“Interest” is a very important aesthetic conception and is used widely in ancient Chinese art theory.It contains ancient Chinese particular aesthetic spirit and cultural idea.As an aesthetic conception “Interest” firstly appeared in painting and calligraphy theory in the dynasty of Liu Chao.As a literary and aesthetic conception it came into existence in Yanyu’s <Cang Lang Notes on Poets and Poetry>in the Dynasty of Nansong and became very popular in literary theory in the Dynasty of Ming and Qing.“Interest” has two meanings.One is artists’ taste purport,and the other is a certain special taste palate in works of art.Both of them are closely linked.In literary works “Interest” has three basic meanings: implicature,tastes and vividness. In content “Interest” can be divided into: matter interest,sentiment and reason interest. In form it can be divided into artful interest and nature interest.