张炎北游、南归问题的再认识

Re-understanding Zhang Yan: His Travelling up North but back South

由宋入元的张炎曾北游大都,人们历来对此评说不一:或曰北游求官,失意南归;或曰被迫北行, 眷怀故国始终如一。具体考察张炎的词作,可以发现作者围绕此事件而表现出的复杂心态:在“出”“处”之间, 张炎进退两难、犹疑不定,挣扎在功名理想与“守节”意识之间,身心两痛。我们并不能简单地认定为求官或非求官,更不能将求官与否与今天的“民族意识”和“爱国主义”直接挂钩。张炎这种复杂心态是传统士人的功名理想与道德意识共同作用使然。

Born in late Song dynasty and grew in early Yuan dynasty, Zhang Yan had ever been to the north Captical. For centries people commented on his that travelling differently, some said he wanted to seek a official job but was frustrated back, other said he was forced to the north but had the consistent feeling of his ever homeland. Observing and studying the works, so-called Ci, of Zhang Yan,we can see his complicated mind about his north travelling： he was in so terrible dilemma between ＂out＂ and ＂in＂ ,so hesitant and miserable in the struggle of dream and reality. Furthermore,we can＇t simply connect his taking action or not to be server with the national consciousness or patriotism nowadays directly, and we should know, it＇s the joint effect of the personal career ideal and the morality of the traditional scholar that resulted in Zhang Yan＇ s complicated mind.