中德学龄儿童数学能力发展水平跨文化研究

Cross Cultural Study on Mathematical Competencies between Chinese and German Primary Students

目的:开展中德儿童基本数学能力跨文化比较,探讨我国数学基础教育的不足,为改善教育质量提供决策依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样,抽取普通小学1年级末至4年级末的学生为研究样本。中国在大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市取样,共抽取样本7827例,其中男生3985人,女生3842人。德国样本3354人,来自不同的州,其中男生1731人,女生1623人。结果:在数学运算领域的分测试,即加法、减法、乘法、除法、比较大小5个分测试,中国儿童的得分显著高于德国儿童(P<0.01);但在逻辑思维与空间-视觉功能领域的分测试,如续写数字、目测长度、方块计数、数字连接等分测试中,中国儿童无明显优势,有些分测试甚至低于德国儿童。结论:我国的数学基础教育应加强逻辑思维、空间概念等思维的培养。

Objective： To compare differences between Chinese and German students in basic mathematical conlpetenties. Methods： Students from grade 1 to 4 in urban and rural schools respectively were selected randomly by the multiphase-stratified-cluster sampling method. According to the nominal criteria, in China 7827 subjects, 3985 boys and 3842 girls were recruited, and in Gernlany 3354 students. 1731 boys and 1623 girls, were drawn to participate in the present study. Results： In the field of mathematical operation ability, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and size comparison subtests, scores of Chinese students were more than those of German. There was significant difference（P〈0.01）. As for logical thinking and spatial-visual functions, for example number composition, length eye-measurement, mass count and number linkage subtests, Germanic children were much better in part subtests. Conclusion： Not only mathematical operation ability but also logical thinking and spatial-visual competencies should be strengthened in our basic mathelnatical education.