长宁竹海5种林分类型的水文效应评价

Hydrological Effects of Five Forest Types in Changning Bamboo Sea

对长宁竹海的苦竹、毛竹、黄竹林，杉木林及白栎林5种林分类型的水文效应进行了研究。结果表明：林分中的草本植物植冠层的水分最大截留量是乔灌层植物的2．4倍。按种类以苔草最高，为6．34g／g（干生物量）；黄竹最小，为1．19g／g。5种林分林地枯落物的现存量为4．33—14．87t/hm^2耐，其分解层的蓄水量高于末分解层，枯落物层最大蓄水总量为1．0-3．5mm，依杉木林＞白栎林＞毛竹＞苦竹＞黄竹排序；土壤蓄水量以杉木林最大，白栎林次之，竹林最差；而土壤稳定渗透系数K10以竹林最大，杉木林次之，白栎林最小，表明竹林土壤抗水蚀能力强于杉木林和白栎林。

The hydrological effects of five forest types namely Pleioblastus amarus forest, PhyUostachys pubescens forest, Bambusa rigida forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and Quercus fabri forest in Changning Bamboo sea were studied. The results showed that the maximum interception of herbal plant crown was 2. 4 times of tree and brush layer. The maximum interception of Carex was 6. 34 g/g （dry biomass）, which was the highest, the lowest was Bambusa rigida of 1.19 g/g （dry biomass）. The existing amount of the litter layers of five forest types were 4. 33-14. 87 t/hm^2. The water-holding capacity of litters in last decomposition stage was lower than that during the course of decomposition, the water-holding amount of litter layer ranged from 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm, the litter waterholding ability decreased in order of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, Quercus fabri forest, PhyUostachys pubescens forest, Pleioblastus amarus forest and Bambusa rigida forest. The soil water conservation of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest was the highest, next came Quercus fabri forest and bamboo forest. The coefficient of soil permeability of bamboo forest was the highest, next came Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, that of Quercus fabri forest was the lowest, which implied that the anti-water erosion ability of bamboo forest was higher than Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and Quercus fabri forest.