凡纳滨对虾对温度变化的免疫响应

The Immune Response of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to the Change of Temperature

研究了温度对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)免疫力的影响。结果表明:温度对凡纳滨对虾血细胞数量、吞噬率、酚氧化酶原活力、血淋巴抗菌和溶菌活力的影响显著(F>F0.05),且无论向低温还是高温变化,温度变化值越大,各免疫指标变化亦越大。在6d内各指标呈峰值变化,但是达到峰值和趋于稳定的时间具有不同步性。血细胞数量至1d时达到最低值,3d或6d后保持稳定,酚氧化酶原活力至1d时达到最低值,向低温变化组于1d达到稳定;而向高温变化组于3d达到稳定,稳定后除了温度为18℃和21℃的处理组明显低于对照组外,其它各处理组与对照组差异不显著;溶菌、抗菌活力在0.5d或1d时达到最低值,3d后趋于稳定,其中向高温变化组与对照组差异不显著,向低温变化组与对照组差异显著,且温度越低,活力越低;血细胞吞噬率0.5d或1d达到最低值,1d或6d后保持稳定,稳定后各处理组血细胞数量和吞噬率均与温度成正相关。

The effect of temperature on immune activity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was studied. The results indicated that the change of temperature had a significant effect on the haemocyte count, phagocytsis activity, phenoloxidase activity, bacteriolytic activity and antibacterial activity of Litopenaeus vannamei （F 〉F0.05）. Regardless of the temperature to high or low changes, the temperature changed bigger, the immunological parameters changes were bigger. During the experiment, every immunological parameters shew peak changes, but the times when they reached their peaks and inclined to stabilization were not synchronous. The haemocyte count reached the minima at the first day, and became stable after the third day or the sixth day, and it positive related to temperature in the temperature range of this experiment. Phenoloxidase activities also reached the minimum value at the first day, the groups that sudden changed to higher temperature became stable after the first day, while the groups that sudden changed to lower became stable at the third day, and then each experimental group had no marked differentia with the control group, except the 18 ℃and 21℃ group. Bacteriolytic activitie and antibacterial activity reached minima at the twelfth hour or the first day, and became stable after the third day. The groups that sudden changed to higher temperature had no marked differentia with the control group, while the groups that sudden changed to lower temperature had marked differentia. And the lower the temperature is the lower the activity is. The phagocytsis activity became stable after the first day or the sixth day, and it positive related to temperature in the temperature range of this experiment.