旅游活动对张家界世界地质公园土壤影响的研究(英文)

The impact of tourism on soils in Zhangjiajie World Geopark

在调查张家界世界地质公园土壤影响形态及影响范围的基础上,对公园游道两边不同距离土壤的硬度、含水率、容重进行了测定和分析,并通过计算各游览区土壤影响指数(SII)来评价旅游活动对公园土壤的综合影响。结果表明:游客活动对张家界世界地质公园土壤产生了较大的影响,特别是在游客相对集中的黄石寨景区和金鞭溪景区,影响十分明显;游客对土壤影响的范围主要发生在距游道两侧3米以内的范围;公园内土壤影响形态可分为单侧节型、双侧节型、单侧链型、双侧链型、十字节型和捷径链型6种类型,其中又以单侧节型和双侧节型为主;在六个景区中,距游道边缘1米、2米及3米范围内土壤的平均含水率较对照区分别低了36.6%、24.5%和2.2%;与对照区相比,距游道边缘1米、2米及3米的土壤硬度分别增加了167.9%、122.2%和15.8%,而距游道边缘1米和2米范围内的土壤容重则分别比对照区增加了26.5%和20.9%。文章对如何降低游客对土壤的影响范围及程度进行了讨论。图4表3参16。

The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.