椎骨横突肋凹的解剖学及其临床意义

Anatomy of costal fovea on transverse process of vertebrae and its clinical significance

目的：为临床诊治脊柱胸段及胸廓疾患提供解剖学依据并填补国人人类学数据.方法：观察成人成套椎骨标本及新鲜尸体脊柱（C7～T12）.结果：T1、T2存在凹面形和平面形,但还存在横槽形,从T1～T4凹面形横突肋凹逐渐增多,T3、T4均为凹面形,T5～T9平面形逐渐增多;T10～T12无明显横突肋凹并逐渐增多;横突肋凹的位置在前端上中位T1～T3均为零,T4～T9逐渐增多,到T10渐减.结论：横突肋凹T1、T2存在横槽形,T3、T4均为深凹面形;横突肋凹形态特征T1～T12与相应椎骨肋凹具有高度的相关性.

Objective： To provide the anatomical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic segment and thoracic cage＇s disease and for anthropology. Methods： The morphology of costal fovea of adult spinal specimens and fresh cadavers （C7- T12 ） were observed. Results： Costal fovea of T1 and T2 possessed the shape of fovea, plane facet, and trough. The fovea facet increased gradually from T1 to T1 and presented entirely on both T3 and T4, whereas the plane fovea of T5- T9 increased gradually. No costal fovea of transverse process was present from T20 to T12 and increased gradually. The position of the costal fovea of the transverse process at the superior-middle portion on the transverse process was zero from T1 to T3, increased gradually on T4 - T9 and decreased gradually from T10. Conclusion： Partial T2- T2 possess traverse-groove type of costal fovea; those of T3 and T4 are the deep fovea facet. The morphologic character of costal fovea of the transverse process on T2- T12 are closely correlated with costal fovea of costal head joint.