广西的蝗神庙与蝗灾

The temple of locust gods and the locusts pest of Guangxi

明代徐光启的《农政全书.荒政》及台湾学者陈正祥的《中国文化地理》都认为广西蝗灾较少,危害不甚严重。陈的主要依据是在广西未见有一座祭祀蝗神的庙祠———八蜡庙或刘猛将军庙,许多研究者也认同此观点。但笔者却认为此观点与历史事实存在严重不符。本文根据65种广西地方史志记载,统计出历史时期(有蝗虫记载至1949年)广西蝗神庙的地理分布表,并且与此时期广西蝗灾之间的关系进行了考察,发现历史时期尤其清中后期以来广西的蝗灾不仅波及范围广,而且危害大。面对严重的灾情,人们在禳灾无效的情况下,不得不采取一定的治蝗措施。

The Xuguangqi of Ming Dynasty of 《the agriculture whole book》 and Taiwan Residents scholar Chenzhengxiang of 《Chinese cultural geography》 all think the locust pest less of Guangxi and not serious. Chen＇ s main basis did not have a temple that offers sacrifices to the locust in Guangxi, many researchers also approve this standpoint. But the writer think that this standpoint is out of accordance with the history fact seriously. According to 65 kinds of history ambition of Guangxi, The geography distributes form that statistics a the temple of locust gods of Guangxi with history period （from the locust pest to jot down to 1949）, And with expected the relation between locust pest of Guangxi at this time, the locust pest of Guangxi not only spread to the scope wide, but also endanger greatly. The people face the serious extent of disaster, under the condition of asking for help the spirit invalidly, have to adopt to certainly save to cure the measure.