民国时期华北灾荒与天津粮食市场(1912—1936年)

Natural Calamity in North China and Tianjin Grain Market in the Period of Republic:1912—1936

民国时期,华北地区水旱虫灾频发,其直接后果就是粮食减产或绝收,致使粮食价格上涨,影响到天津城市的粮食供应。为了维持稳定的粮食市场,灾荒期间,政府委托商会组织粮商持照调运粮食,期间发生的运输问题、各地留难问题均由商会负责协调,商会在粮食调运中发挥了不可替代的作用。同时,政府从税厘和运费方面优惠商人,以便于粮食调剂。天津粮食市场整合的绩效显著,一方面平抑了粮价,稳定了市场和社会秩序;另一方面,政府和商人合作,各自实现了利益的最大化,达到了双赢,可以说是官商合作的成功范例。

During the period of republic, flood, drought and plague of insects frequently happened in north China. The result was the reduction of grain yield and the rising of grain price, That affected the supply of grain in Tianjin. During the famine period, the government often entrusted Tianjin chamber of commerce with the organization of businessmen who, with passport, transported grain from appointed areas to Tianjin at appointed date in order to stabilize the grain market. Tianjin chamber of commerce took a non - fungible role in the regulation of supply and demand of grain. In the process of transportation, the government reduced transport fee and tax or exempted businessmen from a tax. The integration of Tianjin grain market had many effects, First of all, the grain price was stable and society was in good order. Secondly, the cooperation between government and businessmen made themselves achieve largest benefit and bilateral gain.