2Stephenson JM,Fuller JH.Microalbuminuria is not rare before 5 years of IDDM.EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study Group and the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes Study Group[J].J Diabetes Complications,1994,8 (3):166-173.
3Adler AI Stevens RJ,Manley SE,Bilous RW,et al.UKPDS GROUP Development and progression of neph ropathy in type 2 diabetes:the United Kingdom Pro spective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64)[J].Kidney,2003,63:225-232.
4American Diabetes Association standards of medical care in diabetes-2006[J].Diabetes Care,2006,29 (Suppl.1) S4-S42.
5Kramer H J,Nguyen QD,Curhan G,et al.Renal insufficiency in the absence of alburninuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].JAMA,2003,289:3273-3277.
6Tsalamandris C,Allen TJ,Gilbert RE,et al.Progressive decline in renal function in diabetic patients with and without albummuria[J].Diabetes,1994,43:649-655.
7The Diabetes Control and Complications (DCCT) Research Group.Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial[J].Kidney,1995,47:1703-1720.
8U.K prospective Diabetes study Group.Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)[J].Lancet,1998,352:837-853.
9Shichiri M,Kishikawa H,Ohkubo Y,et al.Long-term results of the Kumamoto Study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients[J].Diabetes Care,2000,23 (supple2):B21-B29.
10Knowler WC,Hamman RF,Edelstein SL,et al.The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Preven tion of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program[J].Diabetes,2005,54:1150-1156.
