坡地土壤侵蚀机理研究进展与现状

Development and Situation of Study of Mechanism of Soil Erosion on Slope Land

雨滴击溅、地面径流在坡地侵蚀中起着重要的作用。雨滴击溅的功能是破坏土壤结构，消除击溅后侵蚀量可降低６０％以上。天然坡地水流是一种混合状态的水流，其流速与水深成正比。在薄层水流动力的作用下，侵蚀量随地表坡度增加呈幂函数增大；在击溅和水流共同作用下，侵蚀量与地表坡度呈二次抛物线型关系。细沟流的作用主要是输移从沟间地来的泥沙和被雨滴溅起的固体物。８０年代以来，国内外在坡地侵蚀的物理过程模拟模型研究方面有了较快的发展。

Splishment of raihdrops and surf see runoff play important roles in erosion of slope land. Splishment of raindrops destroys soil structure, the erosion amount can decrease over 60% after getting rid of splishment of raindrops. The flow on natural slope land is a kind of compound flow whose velocity takes a direct ratio with water depth. Under the effect of motive force of sheet now, erosion amount increases with the slope gradient as power function; under the co-effect of spitshment and flow, erosion amount takes quadratic parabola relation with surface gradient. The main function of shallow flow is to transport sediment from area between gullies and solid matters splished by raindrops. Since the 1980's, the study has developed rapidly on stimulation model of mechanical process of slope erosion at home and abroad.