英语句法的三类元始认知结构

The Three Prime Syntactic Structures of Cognition in English

语言是人类认识世界的中介,认识语言是重新认识客观世界的开始。传统的语言学对于句法的划分过于简单,未能说明其认知来源及其与功能结构的对应。研究表明英语语言中存在三种元始结构:判断、行为和存在结构,三者均来自大脑对世界的反映,表现出明显的认知根源性。判断结构实现了知识的有序化;行为结构实现了事物的行为能动性,表现了事物之间的关系;存在结构实现了事物的时空定位,并对心理建构有重大影响。元始结构在句法上具有充分性、经济性、简约性、建构性特征,是英语句法的根本形式。

Language is the medium of cognizing the world, and getting to know the language is the starting point of famfiliarizing the world. Traditional linguistics is too simple in syntactic structures and fails to indicate its cognitive origin and their correspondence with functional structures. Study shows that there are three prime structures： judgment, activity and being, all from human brain reflection of the world and showing a cognitive origin. ＂Judgment＂ structure achieves the ordering of the knowledge system, ＂activity＂ structure actualizes the motility and relationship between entities, while ＂being＂ structure realizes the location of entities and has a great influence in mental construction. Prime structures are the fundamental forms of English syntactics for having such syntactic features as efficiency, economy, simplicity and constructive.