歧义在转换生成语法中的研究

Researches on Ambiguity Within TG Grammar Framework

歧义是人类语言中的普遍现象,仅对歧义句进行描写不利于对歧义句的研究的深入。文章在转换生成语法框架内解释了论元在表层结构的可能线性组合、论元在深层结构的可能组合、逻辑性结构歧义三个方面解析了歧义句形成的原因。论元在句子表层结构或深层结构的可能组合是形成歧义句的一个重要原因,不同的组合形成了不同的歧义解释;管辖与约束理论引进语迹,认为逻辑性歧义句是由于WH-词、量词或否定词有不同的辖域;最简方案以逻辑算子为基础,认为逻辑结构歧义是由于在特征核查中形成的不同的语链。

Ambiguity is one of the common phenomena of any human language. Mere description cannot deepen the study of language. Within the framework of TG-Grammar, the article carries out the semantic interpretations of syntactical ambiguity： possible linear combination of arguments, combination of arguments in deep structure and logical form od ambiguity, and analyses causes of ambiguity. Different possible combinations of arguments in surface structure or deep structure are major causes of forming syntactical ambiguity. Different combinations of arguments result in different interpretation. CB Theory, introducing the concept of trace, argues that logical ambiguity is caused by different scopes of WH words, quantifiers or negative words in the early stage of TG, while MP, based on logical operator, argues that different chains formed in the course of feature checking cause ambiguity.