2004年肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌耐药监测

Surveillance on the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children in Beijing in 2004

目的监测2004年呼吸道常见致病菌肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌对抗生素的耐药性。方法抗生素药敏试验采用E_test法和K_B法。结果肺炎链球菌对青霉素不敏感率为32.9%,对头孢克洛、头孢呋辛和头孢曲松分别为25.0%、26.4%和5.7%,对红霉素、阿齐霉素和克林霉素不敏感率>90%;流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌对氨苄青霉素耐药率分别为14.3%和56.6%,但前者β_内酰胺酶阳性率为14.3%,而后者为90.8%,两者对其他β_内酰胺酶类耐药率较低。结论呼吸道致病菌对抗生素的耐药性正在增加,连续监测抗生素的耐药性对经验治疗呼吸道感染非常必要。

Objective Monitoring the antimicrobial resistance of respiratory pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children in Beijing in 2004. Methods Susceptibility testing of the antibacterials was determined at microbiological laboratory using NCCLS （M100-S12） with E-test and K-B disk methods. Results The study showed that the prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible, cefaclor-nonsusceptible, cefuroxime-nonsusceptible and ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated were 32.9%, 25.0%, 26.4%, and 5.7%, respectively. The nonsuceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolides （e. g. erythromycin,azithromycin, and clindamycin） was more than 90%. The resistance rate of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to ampicillin were 14.3% and 56.6%, and resistance rate to other β-lactams were low. Conclusions Respiratory tract pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial activity was essential because initial therapy for respiratory tract infections was largely empirically.