卵穗山羊草和柱穗山羊草与普通小麦属间杂种的产生及其育性比较

Production and Fertility of Intergeneric Hybrids of Ae.Ovata and Ae.Cylindrica with T.Aestivum

分别以卵穗山羊草和柱穗山羊草为母本,以普通小麦为父本杂交,将获得的杂种再进行回交和自交,对其育性进行比较研究.结果表明,不同的种或品种做母本其可交配性表现不同,卵穗山羊草的结实率(14.10%和11.96%),比柱穗山羊草高(2.13%和8.47%).杂种胚产生愈伤组织率和幼胚直接成苗率不同.柱穗山羊草/小麦杂种胚愈伤组织诱导率高于杂种胚.卵穗山羊草/小麦的直接成苗率高于柱穗山羊草/小麦.卵穗山羊草/小麦用小麦回交的结实率为3.71%;柱穗山羊草/小麦用小麦回交未结实.卵穗山羊草/小麦自交也能结实,自交的结实率为0.044%,柱穗山羊草/小麦杂种自交没有结实.卵穗山羊草/小麦杂种的育性较柱穗山羊草/小麦杂种强,卵穗山羊草基因通过杂交向小麦转移比柱穗山羊草更容易.

The artificial indoor hybridization was conducted using A. ovata and A. cylindrica as female, and T. eastivum as male. The result indicated that different species or varieties had different crossability. Between the 2 Aegilops, the hybridization rate of A. ovata with T. aestivum is higher, that is 14. 10% for Y100 and 11. 96% for Ae23. Different hybrids had different ability of callus initiation and germination. The hybrid embryos from A. cylindrica / T. eastivum has higher rate of callus initiation than A. ovata / T. eastivum. And A. ovata / T. eastivum has higher rate of germination than A. cylindrica / T. eastivum. In backcrosses, the seed-set rate of hybrids of A. ovata / T. aestivum was 3. 71% with T. aestivum as male parents, while for hybrids of A. cylindrica / T. aestivum was 0. On selling of the hybrids, the seed-set rate was 0 （no seed set from 9410 florets） for the combination of A. cylindrica / T. aestivum, 0. 048% （3 selfed seeds out of 6282 florets） for A. ovata / T. aestivum. The result showed that fertility of intergeneric hybrids of Ae. ovata with T. aestivum is higher than Ae. cylindrica with T. aestivum.