西方国家公共安全管理的理论与原则刍议

Review on the Basic Theory and Principles of Emergency Management in Western Nations

公共安全管理在西方国家是一个日臻成熟的学科。其基本理论原则已经形成,核心是全面紧急事态管理原则,在此之下包括全危险方法、综合紧急事态管理系统、紧急事态管理的生命周期或四个阶段理论以及有准备的社区理论。它们构成了西方国家公共安全管理理论的基本框架,广泛应用于公共安全管理。这些理论原则主要由美国创立,为西方国家所采纳,成为西方公共安全管理的理论原则。

The Emergency Management is becoming a mature subject in Western nations. The basic theories and principles of the subject are formed. Among them, Comprehensive Emergency Management is the core principle, which includes the four basic principles： all-hazard approach, Integrated Emergency Management System, Emergency Lifecycle or the Four Phases, andthe Prepared Community or Resilient Community. They were established by USA and accepted by other Western nations and thereby become the mainstream principles of Emergency Management in the Western world.