氮、磷、钾、钙肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响

Effects of Different Application Rates of N,P,K,Ca Fertilizer on Photosynthesis Properties,Yield and Kernel Quality of Peanut

在田间试验条件下研究了N、P、K、Ca肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响,结果表明,施N、P、K、Ca肥可提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率;对叶片光合性能的改善作用,N肥主要在前期、P肥在中后期、K肥和Ca肥前后期比较一致。施肥可明显提高花生荚果产量,且施N肥处理随施肥量的增加产量显著提高,施P、K、Ca肥处理以中等施肥量(P150、K300、Ca300)产量最高。施肥可不同程度地提高花生籽仁脂肪、粗蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,改善花生籽仁品质。对花生籽仁品质的改善作用,P肥最大,其次是N和Ca肥,K肥的作用不明显,施K肥过多(K450)还会明显降低脂肪含量。施用Ca肥能提高花生籽仁中油酸亚油酸比值(O/L),K肥可提高花生籽仁可溶性糖含量。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different application rates of N, P, K and Ca fertilizer on photosynthesis properties, yield and kernel quality of peanut, The results showed that application of N, P, K and Ca fertilizer could increase chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in peanut leaves, The improvement action of fertilizer on photosynthesis properties, N was mainly at early stage, P was at middle-later stage, K and Ca was at whole stage. Application of fertilizer increased the pod yield of peanut distinctly, and with the increasing of N application rate, the pod yield of peanut was improved obviously, the pod yield of peanut was the highest when P, K and Ca application were at middle rates （P150, K300, Ca300 ）. Fertilization could increase the fat, protein and free amino acid content of peanut kernel, and improve kernel quality. The improvement action of fertilizer on kernel quality, P was the biggest, secondly were N and Ca, and K was indistinctly, over application of K fertilizer （K450） could decrease the fat content of peanut kernel. Application of Ca fertilizer could increase the ratio of oleic acid and linoleic acid （O/L）, and application of K could improve the content of soluble sugar of peanut kernel.