配电市场初期的零售电价建模分析

Modeling and Analysis of Retail Price in Early Stages of Distribution Electricity Market

合理的零售电价有助于配电市场的正常运营。然而,配电市场初期,配电公司既要参与市场竞争又具有公共服务性质,需要考虑企业和社会两方面的利益,这使零售电价问题变得更为复杂。文中参考公共资金影子成本的概念,分析了竞争条件下配电系统的社会福利;在分析的基础上,引入了电价的弹性和自弹性,根据放射型配电网的特点建立了计及配电网物理约束的最优零售电价模型;通过对模型的求解,得到最优零售电价的解析式及连续多周期的电价递推公式。最后通过算例表明了该模型的可行性。

Reasonable distribution retail price is able to promote sound operation of distribution electricity market. However, in early stages of distribution electricity market, distribution company is both market competitor and public service utility. Thereforel the benefits of both company and society need to be considered in retail pricing process, which leads the problem more complex. This paper references the concept of shadow cost of public funds, analyzes the social welfares of distribution system. Based on the analysis, elasticity and cross-elasticity of price are introduced, mathematical models of optimal retail pricing are set up with considering physical constriction of radial distribution networks. Analytical formulas of retail price are derived from the model, and recurrence formulas for series periods are also given. The examples show that the proposed method is feasible. This work is supported by Special Fund of the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2004CB217905）.