公路通行费改革及其对货车发展的影响

Highway tolling reform and its influence on truck development

中国收费公路的规模大,公路通行费在货物运输成本中比重高,而现在的按车型收费方法和货车总质量没有联系,导致出现一个庞大的超限运输车辆群体,所以必须改按货车总质量来收取通行费(计重收费):空车和轻车少收,重车多收,超限车辆加重收取通行费,用以补偿对公路的过度使用。这项改革遏制了超限运输,使中国货车群体的结构趋向正常,并与发达国家趋近。但是由于中国的道路交通安全法不准全挂车驶入高速公路,所以中国的汽车列车不超过6轴,这是和发达国家(可以多到9轴)有区别的。

In China, there are a lot of tolling highways and the expense of truck transportation amounts to a great percentage of transportation cost. However, the present tolling system has nothing to do with the total weight of truck, which results in the emergence of huge amounts of over-loaded truck transportation. So, it is necessary to collect tolling fee according to the total weight of truck, with less fee from lighter truck or vacant truck, more fee from heaver truck and even more fee from over-loaded truck so as to make up the necessary expense for the over-use of highways. This reform can greatly stop over-loaded truck transportation and improve the truck structure in China so as to make it catch up with that in the world. But in China, taller truck is not allowed to run on expressways according to Chinese highway transportation safety law, the number of truck axes can not be more than 6, which is quite different from that（as many as 9 axes） of advanced countries. 12 tabs, 6 figs, 17 refs.