分权制衡思想的发展与实践

Development and Practice of Seperation of Powers and Checks and Balances

实行宪政是现代国家的根本标志,宪政事实上是一种平衡机制。成熟的宪政不仅是各种对立要素之间相互影响、相互融合的发展结果,而且本身就是使各种对立要素达成某种程度均衡的制度机制。宪政的根本目标是实现公民权利和国家权力的平衡。而要实现这种平衡,分权制衡便是一种有效的手段。文章对分权和制衡这一制度的历史沿革作简要介绍,并剖析其对近代世界各国宪政发展的影响。

Constitutional government is a symbol of a modern nation. In fact, constitutionalism is a state of equilibrium. A mature eonstitutionalism is not only a result that all kinds of contrary sides influence and combine mutually, but also a balance state of institution in some degree. It＇s a basic object of constitutionalism to realize the balance of right of citizenship and state power. To realize the balance state, however, seperation of powers and checks and balances are effectual methods. The author will briefly introduce the history of the institution of Seperation of powers and checks and balances, and analyse its influence to some latter- day countries.