中国古代多用水轮及其复原

THE VERSATILE WATERWHEEL IN ANCIENT CHINA AND ITS RESTORATION

所谓多用水轮，就是用同一水轮，带动多个工作机同时工作。该文首先对中国古代所用的动力作了分析，指出水轮在水力资源丰富的地区得到广泛应用。并强调在古代的多用水轮系统中当有离合性能。该文又引用古籍中的有关记载论证了中国古代多用水轮发展过程，它大约出现于元代，至明代已达到很高的水平。文章最后还说明同济大学中国古代科技制作室对《天工开物》所记多用水轮的复原方案及其制作的情况。

Analysing the power used in ancient China,this paper points out that the versatile waterwheel, which drives many working machines to operate simultaneously with the same waterwheel, had been widely used in regions having abundant water resources, andstresses that in the versatile waterwheel system there must be the function of clutching.Accounts in ancient books are quoted in the paper to demonstrate the development of the versatile waterwheel, which probably appeared during the Yuan Dynasty and reached a very high level in the Ming Dynasty. Finally, the paper introduces the restoration and manufacture of the versatile waterwheel according to the recored in Tian Gong Kai Wu (Exploitation of the Works of Nature) done by the Ancient China's Science and Technology WorkRoom of Tongji University.