缓/控释氮素肥料玉米苗期养分释放特点

Characteristics of Releasing Nutrition for Slow/Controlled Nitrogen Fertilizers at Maize Seedling Stage

采用盆栽试验,模拟田间生态环境,研究施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料玉米苗期土壤尿素态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效态氮含量,分析比较其在玉米苗期氮素养分释放特点。研究表明,在玉米苗期,施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素肥料,土壤中尿素态氮和铵态氮的积累量最多,分别为21.72 mg/kg和48.31mg/kg;醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素肥料,硝态氮和速效氮含量最多,分别为102.90 mg/kg和135.25 mg/kg;丙烯酸树脂包膜脲酶抑制剂nBPT涂层尿素肥料,尿素自膜内迁移到土壤中的量较少,硝态氮和速效态氮含量最少,分别为53.74mg/kg和93.70 mg/kg。包膜与脲酶抑制剂nBPT相结合的缓/控释肥料,对减少土壤硝态氮的生成效果最为明显,明显优于其他缓/控释肥料,丙烯酸树脂包膜nBPT涂层尿素肥料控释效果最好。

The study was carried out by pot culture condition under field ecological environment. The amounts of urea nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available nitrogen of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers were monitored at the maize seedling stage. The characteristics of nitrogen nutrition release was analyzed about those nitrogen fertilizers. The result showed that amounts of urea and ammonium nitrogen in soil by using urea coated by starch acetate film and urease inhibitor nBPT were the highest in all fertilizers, for 21.72 mg/kg and 48. 31 mg/kg. The amounts of nitrate and available nitrogen in soil using urea coated by starch acetate were the highest, for 102.90 mg/kg and 135.25 mg/kg. The urea amount of soil moving from film inside to outside in urea coated by methyl methaerylate and urease inhibitor nBPT was less, and nitrate and available nitrogen were the least, for 53.74 mg/kg and 93.70 mg/kg. The effect of reducing soil nitrate amount was most signification in fertilizers urea coated by film and urease inhibitor nBPT, and significant difference than the others. The fertilizer of urea eoated by methyl methacrylate and urea inhibitor nBPT was the best on the result about slow/controlled release function.