调亏对膜上灌春小麦生长特性及产量效应的研究

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth Characteristic and Yield of Plastic Film Mulched Spring Wheat

借助于国家高科技农业“863”课题，以春小麦为供试作物，2004年和2005年在甘肃省张掖市甘州区进行了膜上灌春小麦调亏灌大田试验研究，研究了地膜覆盖（设丰水F（FM）、轻度L（FM）和中度M（FM））、露地（设丰水F（B）和中度M（B））．结果表明．与露地相比，覆膜处理春小麦出苗时间提前7～9d；最大叶面积指数较露地提高12．34％～40．11％。增温1．5～1．7℃；同一水分处理下覆膜丰水处理F（FM）比露地丰水处理F（B）增产54．22％，WUE提高了4．67kg／（mm·hm^2）;覆膜中度处理M（FM）比露地中度处理M（B）增产70．46％，WUE提高了4．91kg／（mm·hm^2）。最高产量所需的土壤适宜水分下限为50％～60％，较露地下降10％～15％。将亏缺灌溉与地膜覆盖两种措施相结合，旨在探讨其对产量形成过程的影响和相互作用，结果表明同一水分处理下覆膜小麦不仅具有较高的生物产量，而且茎、叶、穗等器官营养物质的输出率、分配率、转换率均高于露地小麦，相同水分条件下覆膜处理具有明显的增温、保墒增产作用。

Recur to national high-tech agriculture task used spring wheat as the experiment crop. According to experiment results from 2004 to 2005 in Zhangye city of Gansu province, to study the effects of plastic film mulching（including well watered treatment F（FM）,light and medium water deficit treatment L（FM）,M（FM））, and bare field （including well watered treatment F（B） and medium water deficit treatment M （B））. It showed that irrigation on plastic film mulched spring wheat plastic film mulched spring wheat seedling stage advance 7～9 d; max leaf area index increased 12.34%～40.11%, soil temperature increased 1.5～1.7℃ ;under regulated deficit different water condition, in the same water condition of abundant water treatment the yield of film mulch F （FM）than bare field F （B） increase 54.22% and WUE increase 4.67 kg/（mm· hm^2） , in medium water deficit treatment the yield of film mulch M （FM）than bare field M （B）[ncrease 70.46% and WUE increase 4.91 kg/（mm· hm^2）. The appropriate relative soil water content is 50 %～60% decrease 10%～ 15% than bare field treatment. This paper combine the two measure regulated deficit irrigation and film mulch in order to discuss the function of two measure to yield form process. The result showed that in the same water condition eighter film mulched spring wheat＇s yield higher than bare field o that the export rate, distribution rate and transfer rate of stem leaf and spiklet,film mulch had the obvious effect of improving soil temperature, conserving soil water content and increase yield.