阶梯形壳体零件挤压工艺优化

Forming technology optimization of a multi-step part

多阶梯形壳体零件是多种复杂形状的组合,由于结构上的特点,使得其成形过程涉及的工艺参数多、材料流动趋向复杂。以铌质多阶梯管状零件为例,采用美国大型有限元软件Msc.Marc结合正交实验方法对多阶梯管状零件的挤压成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟,分析了采用不同形状坯料对模具受力的影响及常规设计方法中出现的问题,提出优化的过渡模具型面并用数值实验验证,计算结果表明采用优化的参数,零件可以很好的成形,从而得到该零件合适的挤压成形工艺和优化的工艺参数。在数值计算中,引入正交试验的设计方法,显著提高了有限元模拟的效率,大大缩短了产品的设计开发周期。

Multi-step shell part is the combination of complicate shapes, whose small size and complicated shape make its forming technology very difficult. In this paper, taking the forming process of Ni tube as an example, the numerical simulation （FEM software Msc. Marc） and orthogonal experiment method are adopted to analyze the influence of different billets and problems existing in traditional design method. At the end of the paper, a new die profile in extrusion technology is presented. It is shown by the results of numerical simulation that with the optimized die profile, the part can be formed easily. Combined with orthogonal experiment method, the computing efficiency of FEM is improved significantly and the design cycle of new part is reduced greatly.