从《吴问》论重税先亡看孙武的民本思想

Heavy Taxes Leading to Premature Downfall in Questions of the King of Wu Kingdom and an Insight into Sun Wu's Idea of Giving First Priority to the People

临沂银雀山汉简《吴问》记载了孙武根据晋国六卿自定地亩的大小,收取赋税的轻重,预言其败亡先后,劝谏吴王厚爱其民的史事,表现了孙武以民为本的军事思想。这与孙武后来谏阻吴王“民劳,未可”,暂时不要攻楚入郢和六年后“王必欲大伐,必得唐蔡乃可”的做法,以及《孙子兵法》中提出的“惟民是保”思想是一脉相承的。孙武在军事上以民为本的思想至今仍有现实意义。

Questions of the King of Wu Kingdom, a Han book written on bamboo slips discovered in Mount Yinque,Linyi, described Sun Wu foretold the downfall order of the top six officials of the Jin Kingdom according to their measurement of the field and the degree of taxes they levied on their people on their own. That shows Sun Wu＇s military thought of giving first the idea of ＂Do not attack the capital of Chu Kingdom because prio the rity to the people. It is equated to people are exhausted from hard work＂,＂If Your Majesty must attack Chu Kingdom,you must first ally with Tang Kingdom and Cai Kingdom＂ and the idea of ＂protecting the profits of the people＂ in TheArt of War. Sun Wu＇s giving first priority to the people in military affairs still has realistic meaning up to now.