受硝基苯污染松花江原水的应急处理工艺研究

Emergency Treatment of Songhua River Raw Water Polluted by Nitrobenzene

针对受硝基苯污染的松花江原水,通过小试和生产性试验研究了粉末活性炭吸附协同高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）强化复合铝铁（PAF）混凝工艺对硝基苯的去除效果.小试结果表明,粉末活性炭（PAC）对硝基苯的吸附遵循一级反应动力学模型,达到吸附平衡大约需40 min,在硝基苯的平衡浓度为5.0μg/L时,PAC对其吸附容量大约为2 mg/g.根据试验结果,将PAC的投加点选在松花江饮用水源地,投加量为40 mg/L;当PPC的投量为0.3～0.5 mg/L时有明显的强化混凝效果.生产性试验的结果表明,当原水硝基苯浓度为25.9～66.2μg/L时,经PAC在取水管道中吸附约2 h后,进厂水的硝基苯浓度稳定在2μg/L以下,滤后水的硝基苯浓度＜1μg/L,滤后水的浊度在1 NTU左右。PAC预吸附协同PPC强化PAF混凝是控制受污染松花江水中硝基苯的一种有效应急工艺。

A full-scale study was carried out through the laboratory to investigate the removal of nitrobenzene in the raw water from polluted Songhua River. The removal and control effects of nitrobenzene by using Powdered Activated Carbon （PAC） adsorption and Potassium Permanganate Composite （PPC） enhanced Polyaluminum-ferric （PAF） coagulation were studied. The laboratory results show that the adsorption equilibrium time is about 40 mins for the adsorption of nitrobenzene by PAC, which follows first order reaction kinetics model. The adsorption capacity of nitrobenzene by PAC is about 2 mg/g, while the equilibrium concentration of nitrobenzene is at 5.0 μg/L. The experimental results suggest that PAC must be added with 40 mg/L at the intake of water plant. Potassium permanganate composite can evidently en hance the coagulation at the dose range from 0.3 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L. Full-scale study results show that the nitrobenzene concentration in inlet water is below 2 μg./L after 2 h adsorption by PAC in the intake pipe, while it is between 25.9 - 66.2 μg/L in raw water, and below 1 μg/L in purified water after sand filtration. The turbidity of purified water is about 1 NTU. The process of PAC adsorption with PPC enhanced PAF coagulation is an effective process for the treatment of raw water from the nitrobenzene-polluted Songhua River.