1Piso P,Dahlke MH.Toyal mesorectal excision for middle and lower rectal cancer:a single institution experience with 337 consecutive patients.J Surg oncol,2004,86:115-121.
2Heald RJ,Karanjia ND.results of radical surgery for rectal cancer.W J Surg.1992,16:848-857.
3Oberg A,Stenling R,Tavelin B,et al.Are lymph node micrometastases of any clinical significance in Dukes stages A and B colorectal cancer?Dis Colon Rectum,1998,41(10):1244-1249.
4Yamamoto H,Miyake Y,Noura S,et al.Tumor markers for colorectal cancer.[Article in Japanese].Gan To Kagaku Ryoho,2001,28(9):1299-1305.
5Tsavellas G,Patel H,Allen-Mersh TG.Detection and clinical significance of occult tumor cells in colorectal cancer.Br J Surg,2001,88(10):1307-1320.
6Brodsky JT,Richard GK,Cohen AM,et al.Variables correlated with the risk of lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancer.Cancer,1992,69(2):322-326.
7Nascimbeni R,Burgart LJ,Nivatvongs S,et al.Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum.Dis Colon Rectum,2002,45(2):200-206.
8Kikuchi R,Takano M,Takagi K,et al.Management of early invasive colorectal cancer:risk of recurrence and clinical guidelines.Dis Colon Rectum,1995,38(12):1286-1295.
9Oh-e H,Tanaka S,Kitadai Y,et al.Angiogenesis at the site of deepest penetration predicts lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer.Dis Colon Rectum,2001,44(8):1129-1136.
10Sumiya I,Shoji N,Shuuichi H,et al.Carcinomatous lymphatic invasion in early gastric cancer invading into the submucosa.Ann Surg Oncol,1999,6(3):286-289.
9Japanese Research Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus [M]. 5th ed. Tokyo: Kanehara,1994: 14- 25.
10Sobin LH, Wittekind CH, eds. UICC TNM classification of malignant tuhmors [M]. 5th ed. New York: Wile Liss, 1997:66 -69.
