知识论中理性主义的基本类型及其历史变迁

Rationalistic Basic Type and Historic Change on the Theories of Knowledge

西方知识论中理性主义的类型演变显示出这样的发展轨迹:作为人的主观思维能力的理性概念,是从本体论所设想的宇宙理性概念中衍生出来的,在其逐渐精神化和狭义化后,最后才在知识论中专指人的逻辑推理性思维;知识论中理性主义也由绝对地信赖逻辑理性,相信只要运用严格的演绎或归纳程序就能获得可靠的科学知识,逐步转向承认逻辑理性的有限性和可错性,承认理论假说的形成是一个非理性的创造过程,逻辑理性只在检验理论假说的科学性时才起核心作用,而且只能证伪谬误,并不能证实真理。

The types of rationalism west know lege theory demonstrated such developing orbit： As the intellectual abilities of human, the conept of ration is derived from the conept of the ration of universe, and after its implication becoming narrow and subjective gradually, finally ration only refer to logical reasoning thinking; from absolutely trusting logical reasoning, believing that human may gain reliable science knowledge as long as strictly make use of deduction and induction, rationalism on theories of knowledge turned to acknowledge that logical reasoning is limited and may make mistakes, the theory formation is a irrational create process, logical reasoning have only key effect if only to inspect the theories is scientific; and what＇s more, it may prove a theory mistake, but not truth.