对虾养殖现状、发展趋势与对策

The current status,developing tendency and countermeasure of shrimp culture

针对我国当前对虾养殖存在的许多危及产业持续发展的因素进行分析:如盲目追求高产、技术混乱、种苗质量差、超密度养殖、病害流行、滥用药物、环境污染、造成公害、养殖产品不符合卫生标准等问题。文章指出,当前对虾养殖无论采用哪种养殖模式,都要面对现实,必须进行无公害健康养殖,这是今后水产养殖业的唯一出路,是发展的趋势。阐述无公害健康养殖的要领以及与HACCP的管理体系;特别在整个养殖系统工程,针对种苗,水质环境、饵料、肥料、药物的有关规定,提倡循环水生态精养模式,地膜防渗过滤海水精养模式,零污染养殖模式,并对当前对虾无公害健康养殖管理进行了探讨。

Many factors impairing the sustainable development of the shrimp Culture industries in China were analyzed,which included blindly pursuing high production, messy techniques,poor seed quality, super-density culture, diseases prevalence, abuse of drugs, environmental pollution , producing public hazard, the products being not up to the hygiene standard and soon.The author hold that the healthy culture system with non-public hazard will be the only way out of aquaculture, which is the fact that the shrimp farmer had to faCe, no matter what techniques they adopted.It is the developing tendency of aquaculture to adopt the non-public hazard cultuae system.The key point of non-public hazard culture was expounded in this paper as well as the management system of I-IACCP, especially the conceming rules associating with the seed,water environment,feed,fertilizer , drugs which form the whole culture system with other factors.The author advocated the circulation water-ecological intensive culture system,the intensive culture system adopting membraneleakage-preventing and seawater-filtering measure, the culture system with zero pollution.At last,the present management style of non-public hazard culture was discussed.