质子交换膜燃料电池水管理研究

Research on Water Management of PEM Fuel Cell

水管理是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEM FC)可靠运行的关键,既维持适当的膜的水合程度,又不致水淹电极,是水管理的理想状况.燃料电池作为一个多相、多尺度、多物理场、动态复杂系统,其中的流动、传热、传质、相变、多相流和电化学过程相互影响、相互联系、相互制约.就PEM FC内流体流动,物质的传输,热量生成和传递,水的相变及两相流,电化学反应等方面综述了目前的研究进展,权衡利弊,以期达到最佳的燃料电池电化学性能.

Water management is the key for PEMFC to operate efficiently. To maintain a suitable hydrated state for PEM but without flooding in the porous medium polarity is an ideal case which is difficult to achieve. PEMFC is a complex system with the characteristics of multi-phases, multi-dimensions, multi-physics fields and dynamics. The flow, heat and mass transfer, phase change, multi-phase flow and electrochemical process inside PEMFC have influences on each other, the mechanism is sophisticated and hard to measure or observe directly, This paper summaries the achievement in respects of water transfer mechanism, humidification methods, measurement and diagnostic of liquid water in PEMFC, methods of discharge liquid water and modeling of the water behaviors inside PEMFC. The water management , heat management, gas management and electricity management are associated each other, therefore the flow,h eat and mass transfer, phase change, multi-phase flow and electrochemical process inside PEMFC should be considered systematically, relevant researches are to be carried out continuously.