法国保全性裁判抵押权制度研究——兼论我国不动产查封制度的完善

Research on Protective Judicial Hypothecation in France: Perfection of Sequestration of Real Estate in China

保全性裁判抵押权是法国民事执行程序法创立的一种新型抵押权形态,它既是一种保全措施,又是一种担保物权。保全性裁判抵押权不但能够防止债务人逃避债务,而且能够对债务人起到威慑作用,这种抵押权在法国很受欢迎。我国司法机关在财产保全和强制执行中广泛使用查封措施,在目前的制度设计中,不动产查封在办理登记后已经享有对抗效力和优先效力,鉴于在查封登记的不动产上实际上存在一个没有抵押权名义的抵押权,因此建议我国在未来的物权立法中借鉴保全性裁判抵押权制度。

The protective judicial hypothecation is a kind of new hypothecation created by French Civil Executive Procedure Law. It is a protective measure, and it is also a kind of real rights for security. The hypothecation cannot only prevent the obligor to evade repayment of debts, but also force the obligor to fulfill his obligation. Our courts popularly take the sequestration measures in property preservation and compulsory execution. According to the existing judicial interpretation, the creditors can enjoy the priority of compensation after the sequestration of real estate has been registered, so the protective judicial hypothecation has existed in Chinese legal systems. The paper suggests our country take this kind of hypothecation into consideration in the future jus rerem.