能量传递和转换的动力学分解关系

Decomposition Equations of Energy Transfer and Conversion

利用基本强度量乘以与其共轭的基本广延量的平衡方程,导出了能量传递和转换的普遍化动力学分解关系。该普遍化分解关系式表示出了任意形式的能量与其他形式能量之间的传递和转换关系,可以由此导出各种形式能量的动力学方程。利用这个普遍化方程导出了在工程领域常见的动能、化学能、压能和热能传递和转换的动力学分解关系。利用这些分解关系式给出了系统总能量的变化方程。这些动力学关系式清楚地反映出,在满足能量守恒的条件下,系统内部不同形式能量之间存在的可逆或不可逆的转换关系。能量的动力学分解关系有助于加深对能量传递和转换的理解,可以为合理地利用能源提供理论指导。

Multiplying the balance equation of a basic extensive quantity by the conjugate basic intensive quantity, a generalized dynamic equation of energy transfer and conversion is derived, which indicates the transfer and conversion relation between any specified form of energy and the others. With this generalized equation, the transfer and conversion equation of any form of energy can be derived. The transfer and conversion equations of kinetic, chemical, pressure （strain） and thermal energy, which are commonly used in engineering, were given. The total energy equation is also obtained from the component equations. In these equations, terms appear which explicitly reveal conversions between different forms of energy, including the reversible and irreversible conversions. These equations can enhance our understanding of energy transfer and conversion processes, which could lead to create new energy-conversion and energy-utilization technology.