英语疑问句探析

Analysis of English Interrogative Questions

疑问句语法嬗变主要有四种:升调转降调、语序改变、用疑问词进行弱发问和省略句。疑问句语法嬗变的同时,其语用功能也由探询信息转变为其它多种语用功能,它们包括问候功能、表请求、提供帮助、征求意见和邀请等以言行事功能、表否定、讽刺、挖苦、责难、批评等情感意义、加强语气和检测功能。而且,在特定的语境中,标准疑问句的功能也会发生变化。

The structural changes of interrogative questions include falling tone replacing rising tone, changes in word order, weak form signaled by WH words and deletion questions. The inquiry function featured by standard interrogative questions is transformed into other pragmatic functions including non-question illocutionary functions such as denying, offering help, giving invitations, inviting opinions, the emotive functions such as denying, criticizing, making ironical or sarcastic statements and the functions used to reinforce certainty and test the addressee＇s knowledge. In addition, in a specific context, the basic function of standard interrogative questions can be altered.