卫星搭载凤仙花SP_1代单株小孢子变化的比较研究

Comparison of microspores in SP_1 generation mutant plants from space-flight induced Impatiens balsamina seeds

对卫星搭载对凤仙花SP1代小孢子母细胞减数分裂的染色体畸变和不同单株四分孢子期的小孢子数目、小孢子大小等进行了比较研究。发现花瓣呈紫白相嵌者的诱变株,在减数分裂中易产生分散和落后染色体、染色体环,而浅粉色花与顶部花呈盘状者多出现分散染色体,盘状和浅粉色花者容易出现染色体桥。在四分孢子期则容易形成多分孢子,其中有四个单株(Ⅳ9-2,Ⅰ9-1,院3,Ⅰ7-1)均发现有九分孢子及其以上。同时,四分孢子期还容易产生不同程度的联体二分孢子、三分孢子,尤其少见的是出现了一株花萼为双距单株的四分孢子不分离现象。小孢子的大小和形状也有差异,主要是诱变株小孢子的中小型小孢子偏多,甚至高达69.52%,同时小孢子的育性降低,不育小孢子多达87%。

Several mutant plants were generated from Impatiens balsamina seeds induced by space-flight, and chromosome mutation during meiosis and microspores were investigated in respective mutant plant. Dispersal chromosome, chromosomal bridge and chromosomal circle were found in mutant plants with purple-white mosaic flowers, and the mutant plants with hypred and dish-shaped tip flowers showed only dispersal chromosomes, while mutant plants carrying only hypred flowers were readily observed chromosomal bridges. High frequency of paraspores were viewed at tetraspore period of these plants, in four of which even nine or above microspores were visualized. Meanwhile, conjugated bispores and trispores were found in few plants. Rarely, the micro,spores dissegregated in one plant showing double-comua in calyx. The shape and number of the microspores varied in different plants. Most of mierospores displayed middle or little volume （even up to 69.2 % ）, and correspondingly, most of microspores possessed low fertility,