长期太极拳锻炼改善中老年人认知能力的作用

Effect of long-term Tai Chi exercise on cognitive function of middle-aged and old people

目的:观察长期太极拳锻炼对中老年人的认知能力影响,并与无体育锻炼习惯的中老年人进行比较。方法:实验于2002-10-01/07上午8:00～12:00在阜阳师范学院体育系运动生理实验室进行。①选择健康中老年阜阳市市民101人,年龄45～74岁。其中53人为锻炼组,均为参加太极拳活动半年及半年以上者;48人为对照组,是无体育锻炼习惯的中老年人。②所有受试者测定认知功能,包括平均反应时间,最佳反应时间,手脚交叉运动总时间,手脚交叉运动正确次数,手脚运动平均时间,记忆能力,手臂稳定性,注意集中时间,注意分散次数,表象旋转。③两组受试者均分为45～54岁、55～64岁、65～74岁3个年龄段进行比较;锻炼组按锻炼年限分为≤3年、4～6年、≥7年3个年限进行组内比较。结果:93人进入结果分析。①除最佳反应时外,其他各个指标(包括平均反应时、注意力、协调技能、记忆力和表象能力)锻炼组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。②认知能力的各个指标(最佳反应时除外),锻炼组在3个年龄段均优于对照组(P<0.05),两组的认知能力都是随年龄段增长而下降,但锻炼组下降较缓慢。③锻炼组组内的3种不同锻炼年限段比较,锻炼年限较长者的认知能力的各个指标(最佳反应时除外)均优于锻炼年限短者(P<0.05)。结论:长期进行太极拳锻炼有利于中老年人的认知能力的维持和促进。

AIM： To observe the effect of long-term Tai Chi exercise on cognitive function of middle aged and old people, and compare it with the old people without any exercise. METHODS： The experiment was conducted in the athletic physiological laboratory of Department of Physical Education, Fuyang Normal College from 8：00 to 12：00 am of 1^st to 7^th＇, October 2002. ①Totally 101 healthy middle aged and old people aged 45-74 years of Fuyang city were selected, 53 of whom were participators of Tai Chi for half a year or above as the exercise group, and 48 were persons without any exercise as the control group. ②The cognitive function of all examinees were measured including average reaction time, best reaction time, total time for overlapping of hands and feet, correct times of overlapping exercise, average time of hand and foot exercise, memory ability, stability of arms, concentration time, dispersion times, representative rotation. ③The examinees were divided into 3 age groups： 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 years old and comping; the exercise group was subdivided into 3 years groups according to exercise time： ≤3, 4-6, and ≥7 years to compare in group. RESULTS： A total of 93 entered the result analysis.①Except for best reaction time, all the other indexes including average reaction times attentions coordination, memory and representation of the exercise group were superior to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. ② Each index of cognitive function except the best reaction time of the 3 age groups of the exercise group was superior to the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The cognitive＇function of the two groups was decreased with ageing, but it was slower in the exercise group. ③In the comparison of 3 different exercise time group of the exercise group, the indexes （except the best reaction time） of people with longer exercise time were superior to those with short exercise time （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Longerm Tai Chi exercise is of great help to maintain and improve the cognitive function of middle-aged and old people.