女大学生自杀心理与行为的调查

Investigation of suicide psychology and behavior in female university students

目的:调查正处于社会转型期的女大学生的自杀心理及其行为状况。方法:选取2001年以来沈阳部分高校以及北京市、广州市、山东省的女大学生35例。采用文献综述法、个案追踪法、现场访谈和回顾性分析等方法,对女大学生的自杀心理与行为进行调查。结果:35例女大学生资料均进入结果分析。不同地区女大学生自杀现象比率:①沈阳市部分高校的女大学生:自杀现象所占比率大四明显高于大一、大二、大三(46.7%,26.7%,13.3%,13.3%);死亡类型中跳楼居多,高于服毒、自缢、煤气等其它类型(60%,20%,6.7%,13.3%)。②北京、广州、山东部分女大学生:自杀现象所占比率大四明显高于大一、大二、大三(40%,20%,15%,25%);死亡类型中跳楼居多,高于服毒、自缢、煤气等其它类型(40%,25%,5%,10%)。③自杀原因:在影响自杀的因素中情感挫折在大学四个年级均有出现,并居于首位。结论:针对女大学生自杀心理与行为采取相应的危机干预策略,对提高女大学生心理素质,增强其挫折承受力和社会适应能力具有裨益。

AIM： To investigate the psychology of suicide and behavior of contemporary female university students. METHODS： A total of 35 femare university students were enrolled from universities of Shenyang, Beijing, Guangzhou cities, Shandong Province in 2001. This research adopted review method, individual case tracing method, spot interview method and retrospective analysis method, etc. to survey the suicide mental state and behaviors of the female university students. RESULTS： Totally 35 female university students＇ data were involved in the result analysis. Ratio of suicide in female university students from different regions was as follows： ①Female university students of some universities of Shenyang： The ratio of suicide in senior female university students was significantly higher than that in freshmen, sophomores and junior students （46.7%, 26.7%, 13.3%, 13.3%）. Most of them was died of jumping from high building, but followed by die of taking poison, hanging oneself and coal gas（60%, 20%, 6.7%, 13.3% ）, etc.②Female university students from Beijing, Guangzhou, Shandong： The ratio of suicide in senior female university students was significantly higher than that in freshmen, sophomores and junior students （40%,20%,15%,25%）. Most of them was died of jumping from high building, but followed by die of taking poison, hanging oneself and coal gas （40%,25%,5%,10%）, etc. ③Cause of suicide： Emotion frustration of ca＇use of suicide was in the first place in the four grades. CONCLUSION： Countermeasures should be proposed in the suicide psychology and the behavior of the female students. They can improve the psychological quality of female university students, and strengthen their setback carrying capacity and the social adaptability.