丘陵区蜘蛛群落结构及几种优势蛛的动态研究

Studies on Spider Community Structure and Dynamics of Several Major Species in Hilly Area

用陷阱法对莱阳丘陵区的桃园及其两条边界定点调查，初步鉴定该区游猎性蜘蛛群落有9科21种，其中主要成分依次是狼蛛科（Lycosidae）、逍遥蛛科（Philodromidae）、蟹蛛科（Thomisidae）和平腹蛛科（Gnaphosidae）。对该区蜘蛛群落研究表明，蜘蛛在不同生境和不同时间下群落特征和多样性有明显的差异性。通过对几种优势蛛的动态研究发现，星豹蛛和小狼逍遥蛛4～5月易在边界聚集，后期大部分迁往桃园；类水狼蛛较耐高温，7～8月在墒情较好的桃园中较多；蛞平腹蛛喜低温，早春和晚秋在边界出现频繁；鞍形花蟹蛛6月下旬在地面活动达到最盛，此后可能扩散至高杆植被或桃树上。

Spiders were investigated Using ＂pitfall＂ in the peach orchard and its two margins in Laiyang hilly area, and were identified 9 families, 21 species initiatively. The dominant families were Lycosidae, Philodromidae, Thomisidae, Gnaphosidae. The study on the spider community in the area showed： spider community characteristics and diversity had obvious difference in different phase and habitat. Study on the dynamic of several dominant spiders indicates the activity of Pardosa astrigera and Thanatus miniaceus were mainly at the peach margin in April to May, and most of them migrated to the peach orchard later; Pirta subpiraticus can bear high temperature, and acted mainly at the moist place in the peach orchard in July to August; Gnaphosa kompirertsis can get with low temperature, and acted mainly at the peach margin in early spring and late autumn ;＂ Xysticus ephippiatus acted mainly at the ground of the hilly area in the last ten days of June ; and may spread to high plants and peach trees later.