关于马克思恩格斯现实主义理论的历史反思

Historical Reflections on Marx and Engels' Realism Theory

鉴于当前文坛的创作现状,有必要重温马克思、恩格斯的现实主义。马克思、恩格斯对现实主义的研究经历四十余年三阶段:第一阶段是反对抽象的善恶观念,强调历史具体性;第二阶段强调真实地表现现实关系;第三阶段思考典型环境、典型人物、二者关系以及细节真实等问题,并形成系统理论。这一理论在创作方法的基本原则层面上强调真实地表现现实关系,在思维方式层面上强调创造典型环境中的典型形象,在特征性手法层面上注重细节描写的真实和典型。三层面形成不可分割的结构体系。这一体系有着科学性和历史感,不仅能从分类学上区分各种创作方法,而且对当今的创作亦有指导意义。

In the light of current situation of literary creation,it is necessary to review Marx and Engels＇ realism. Marx and Engels studied realism for over 40 years, which were divided into four stages：in the first stage, importance was attached to the concreteness of history;in the second, emphasis was placed on the real display of realistic relations;and in the third,typical envionment,typical characters,the relationship between typical environment and typical characters and the truthfulness of details were studied and systematic theory came into being. The above levels developed into an in dispensable structural system, which not only differentiates creative methods but also has a guiding meaning to current literary creation.