隧道工程作业场所职业病危害因素检测与评价

Detection and Evaluation of Occupational Hazards in Tunneling Construction Places

目的研究隧道工程职业病危害因素,为隧道工程建设职业病危害治理提供依据。方法依据国家职业卫生标准、规范进行职业病危害因素检测,采用单项指数、单项指数达标率、综合指数进行评价。结果凿岩、运输、喷锚作业粉尘、噪声及运输作业一氧化碳单项指数达标率均低于90%,综合指数评价,凿岩、运输作业分别有53.33%、26.67%达到合格及基本合格,喷锚作业全部不合格。结论隧道工程建设应将粉尘、噪声及运输作业一氧化碳危害作为治理重点,加强通风及个体防护。

Objective To study occupational hazards in the tunneling construction so as to provide basis for occupational disease prevention and control in tunneling construction. Methods Base on the national criteria of occupational health,occupational hazards were detected and evaluated using three item indices, i. e, the single index ,the qualified rate of the single index and the composite index. Results Industrial dust and noise produced during the tunneling construction such as the rock drilling, transportation or the spurts anchor, and the carbon monoxide produced from the transportation at the same time. Its qualified rate of the single index was all bellow 90%. In the composite index, the rate of compliance or just compliance, rock drilling occupied 53.33%, transportation occupied 26.67%. But the spurts anchor was completely unqualified. Conclusion Control of dust, noise and carbon monoxide in the tunneling construction should be considered as an important work. Ventilation and the individual protection should be strengthened.