试论陶渊明思想的矛盾和发展

Contradiction and Development of Tao Yuanming's Idea

陶渊明不是纯粹的田园诗人或隐逸诗人,他通过对荣子期、张挚、疏广等许多历史人物的赞美,描述隐者的高尚情操,为自己的行动找到了历史的印证,同时宣传了不与统治者合作的思想。在《归园田居》、《归去来辞》等作品中,这种思想表现得尤为显著。因为他参加了一些农业劳动,与农民有些接触,所以写出了一些很有价值的诗篇。他对人民的同情和对统治者的愤懑凝结为充满矛盾的诗篇,例如《杂诗》之八、《饮酒》,他鸣出了心中的不平之后又不得不作“既醉之后,题数句自娱;纸墨遂多,辞无诠次”的申明;喊出“落地为兄弟,何必骨肉亲!”“但恨多谬误,君当恕醉人“的呼声。

Tao Yuanming is not just a idyllist or hermit poet. Through eulogizing many historic personages, such as Rong Ziqi, Zhangzhi,Shugusng, he describes the noble moral integrity of hermits, getting historic evidence for his own behabiour, and shows he wouldn＇t like to obey the governor. In his works, such as Guitanyuanju and Guiqulaici, the idea is expressed remarkably. Since he participated in farm working and contacted with farmers, he has created some valuable poems. His sympathy for the people and resent for the governor makes his poetry full of contradiction. In the eighth piece of Zashi and Yijjiu, after he shows his resent, he could only express that he has no way out through many lines.