悲怨:中国古代文学之内驱——一个文学史母题的发展历程描述

Melancholy: the Internal Force of Chinese Ancient Literature

中国古代文学中的悲怨主题贯穿始终,先后形成了七次高潮:先秦、汉末建安、南北朝、中晚唐至五代、宋末元初、明末清初、乾嘉之际。悲怨之所以与文学之发展密不可分,是因为它由人类的基本情感和人们所受的深重苦难所决定的。一流的作家作品莫不与悲怨有关。中国古代悲怨文学作为中国古代文学的重要组成部分,其认识价值和艺术价值在很大程度上代表了整个古代文学。从历史的视角看,通过中国古代文人参与形成的悲怨洪流,汹涌澎湃,始终左右着作者和读者的心灵,并在事实上成为中国古代文学的发展内驱力,在此基础上形成一个近乎永恒的文学母题,为治中国文学史者所不应忽视。

Standing at the top of the literary history, we can find that the theme of melancholy runs through the whole hmtory, forming seven high tides ： pre-Qin Dynasty, late East Han, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, late Tang to the Five Dynasties, the late Song and early Yuan, late Ming and early Qing and Qian Jia period. The reason why melancholy bears close relation with literary development is dependant to the peopleg basic feeling and the deep sufferings of human beings. The first class writers works cannot avoid the theme of melancholy. The Chinese ancient melancholy literature is an important part of Chinese ancient literature, which represents the whole ancient literature in cognitive value and art value. From the view of history, the melancholy tide in Chinese ancient literature has a strong effect upon the souls of authors and readers, and has become internal force of Chinese literary development. On the basis of it, melancholy has become the permanent literary theme and cannot be ignored by the literary workers.