疑问句的非典型语义预设初探

An Original Exploration of Non-typical Semantic Presupposition of Interrogative Sentence

语义预设可区分为典型语义预设和非典型语义预设。是非疑问句和正反疑问句的预设通常是一个不相容选言命题;选择疑问句的预设,一般是一个不相容选言命题,有时则是一个相容选言命题;特指疑问句的预设,通常就是用“有X或某X”取代问句中的疑问词后所得的陈述句。疑问句的预设是问者的预设,不是答者的可能回答。

Semantic presupposition can be divided into typical semantic presupposition and non-typical semantic presupposition. The non- typical semantic presupposition of yes-no question and afirirmative-negative question is usually an exclusive disjunctive proposition. The non-typical semantic presupposition of alternative question is usually an exclusive proposition and sometimes an inclusive proposition. The non-typical semantic presupposition of special question is usually a declarative sentence made by the replacement of the interrogative in an interrogative sentence with “having x or certain x”. The presupposition of interrogative sentence is the presupposition of the asker, not the probable answer of the replier.