关于自由与道德关系之考察

On the Investigation of Relationship Between Freedom and Morality

自由与道德都是人之属性。人的自由是相对的,这种相对性取决于一种尺度。善是自由的根本尺度,这种尺度不是对象或客体对主体的一种规定,而是作为活动主体的人对外部对象或活动客体实现的一种价值要求,即道德判断。追求自由的过程,就是追求善的过程,道德的完善,就是自由的实现;自由以道德作为最终表征,道德以自由为表现形式;自由是人的一种自主、自决、自律的能力,这种能力的使用必须以对道德必然性的认识与遵循为基础;只有通过道德责任的自觉选择,才能达到理想的自由境界。因此,在自由与道德的关系中,道德是实现自由充分且必要的条件,自由离不开道德的判断,道德以自由的实现状态为依据,道德与自由共生共存,密不可分,道德与自由的这种关系是人的目的状态不同的表述方式。

Freedom and morality are all human attributes. The person＇s freedom is relative, this kind of relativity depends on a measure, the good is basic measure of freedom. This kind of measure is not object or body to a kind of provision of the subject, but as a kind of value request for carrying out of an object or a body, namely moral judgment. The process of pursuing freedom is the process of doing well, perfect of morality is a free realization. The freedom is the end symbol with the morality, and the mo- rality takes freedom as the manifestation. The freedom is the persong independence, self-determination and autonomic ability, the use of this kind of ability must be based on the understanding and following of inevitability of morality. Only through the self conscious choice of the moral responsibility, can the ideal state be attained. Therefore, in freedom and morality relation, the morality is the essential condition of freedom. Freedom cannot get away from the judgment of the morality. Morality is on the basis of condition of freedom, and the morality and freedom coexist and are inseparable. This kind of relation of the morality and freedom is the different form of the person＇s expression.