论现象学视野下的西方心理学

On Western Psychology Under the View Of Phenomenology

现象学作为西方心理学中的两大方法论之一,对西方心理学的发展产生了不可忽视的影响。现象学的突出特点是寓现象学于方法之中,强调本质先于存在,具体表现在:重视意识的研究、强调意向性、面向事物本身、强调现象学的思想态度等方面,因此,现象学的这些特点为人文主义心理学家以非自然科学模式塑造心理学奠定了重要的哲学基础。作为一种方法论,现象学所遵循的以意识经验为研究对象、如实描述、问题中心、整体性、先质后量、非还原论等原则开创了西方心理学中人文主义取向的研究方法。纵观整个西方心理学的发展,现象学对心理学的影响是广泛而持久的,它不仅推动和促进了西方心理学方法论上的几次变革,为意动心理学、格式塔心理学以及人本主义心理学的发展作出了突出贡献,而且它也正在影响和推动着超个人心理学、认知心理学以及后现代心理学的发展,并将为未来西方心理学的持续发展提供重要的方法论指导。

Phenomenology, as the one of two methodologies of the western psychology, has exerted a great influence upon western psychology. The notable characteristics of phenomenology much more emphasize essence than being, such as its attention to the study of consciousness, intentionality, facing to the thing itself and so on. Therefore, these characteristics lay a philosophical foundation for psychologists of humanistic psychology to study psychology by means of non-natural science. As a methodology, the principles of phenomenology blaze new method of humanistic approaches in western psychology. So phenomenology has played a role in psychical act psychology, gestalt psychology and humanistic psychology. And what＇s more, it is affecting and promoting the development of transpersonal psychology, cognitive psychology and postmodern psychology, and it will provide methodological guidance for the development of western psychology in the future.